Irregular breathing: Cheyne–Stokes Respiration

One of the most noticeable changes is a pattern called Cheyne–Stokes respiration. This involves periods of rapid, shallow breathing followed by long pauses.

McFadden reassures families that although it may appear distressing, it does not cause discomfort to the patient.

In her video she says; "This person, as you can see, is fully unconscious. This is not causing them suffering or making them feel like they are suffocating," she explains. "The body is built to know how to die and has mechanisms in place to help with that."

She adds that if a patient appears restless or seems to be struggling, medical professionals can provide medication to ease any discomfort. However, she emphasises that in most cases, intervention is not necessary as the body naturally adjusts.

The death rattle: A common but startling sound

The second change, known as the "death rattle," is a gurgling or rattling sound that occurs when a person breathes. This happens because, as the body shuts down, saliva and mucus accumulate in the throat since the natural swallowing reflex stops functioning.

Although the sound can be distressing for family members, McFadden reassures that it is not painful for the patient.

"The death rattle is completely normal and expected at the end of life," she says. "But if you’ve never heard it before, it can feel like the scariest thing."

While the noise can be unsettling, healthcare professionals can adjust a patient’s position or provide medication to help reduce it if necessary.

Understanding the process of dying

McFadden shares this information to prepare families for what to expect when a loved one is dying.

She emphasises that the body follows its own natural process and that these changes are not signs of suffering but part of the transition. By understanding these final stages, families can focus on providing comfort and presence rather than fear.

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