Minister of International Relations and Co-operation Naledi Pandor spoke at the General Debate of the 77th Session of the UN General Assembly on September 21 in New York. Picture: Jason Boud.
Minister of International Relations and Co-operation Naledi Pandor spoke at the General Debate of the 77th Session of the UN General Assembly on September 21 in New York.
Pandor said leaders met at a time when the UN was facing its greatest test, adding that member states had to work with the UN to develop effective responses to the current challenges.
“As the theme of the general assembly indicates, these are diverse, immense, yet interconnected challenges and no country can respond alone. Some have referred to this moment as a key turning point in history.”
Pandor reflected on the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Eastern Europe, which shape our attitudes today; but added that for South Africa, the real inflection point will be the world attending fully to the needs of the marginalised and forgotten.
“Our greatest global challenges are poverty, inequality, joblessness and feeling excluded. Acting on the Common Agenda vision 2021 of the UN secretary-general should become the major objective of this time because addressing poverty and underdevelopment will be the beginnings of the real inflection point in human history.”
“The Charter of the UN, the Universal Declaration for Human Rights and its human rights protocols all commit us to protecting all people without distinction of any kind. We must acknowledge that we face these crises today because we have not always upheld these foundational principles consistently and fairly.”
Pandor said the Covid-19 pandemic had provided a roadmap on what should be done and not done to address global challenges.
“We should use the lessons learnt effectively. There were some noble initiatives such as the Access to Covid-19 tools Accelerator (ACT-A) that was co-chaired by President Ramaphosa, the AU Champion for the Covid response, and the Prime Minister of Norway.
“This initiative laid the basis for a fairer distribution of vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics.”
Pandor said global solidarity was also required to meet other pressing challenges such as energy and food insecurity, climate change and the devastation caused by conflicts, including the existential threat of nuclear weapons.
“Instead of working collectively to address these challenges, we have grown further apart as geopolitical tension and mistrust permeate our relations.
“We should, however, move forward in solidarity, united in efforts to address our common global challenges to ensure sustainable peace and development.
“One of the tasks we must successfully implement to ensure developing countries are not left behind when treatments are available is to create and support research and innovation capacity in Africa for vaccine production, invest in strengthened public health systems and produce thousands more professional health workers. This requires sustainable investment in higher education, research institutions and in global research co-operation.”
The mobilisation of resources and capabilities to strengthen the pandemic response and preparedness of all nations must be substantially increased. It will be a tragic indictment on all of us as leaders if future pandemics found the poorest as unprepared as many were for Covid-19, said Pandor.
“We need to strengthen the global health architecture to ensure that we are better able to meet the challenges of new pandemics and other infectious diseases of concern. South Africa is proud to be part of this solution through the establishment of the first mRNA global technology transfer hubs that will contribute to the security of supply of life-saving medication for African countries and other developing countries.
South Africa’s energy crisis
Pandor said South Africa, like many other developing countries, faced huge developmental challenges, including in the energy sector and called for a collective effort to address global energy shortages, including by deploying innovative solutions that are cheaper, cleaner and more accessible.
“Working with international partners, we are developing our Just Energy Transition Plan to significantly reduce harmful emissions in South Africa. Work on an expanded green economy is also gaining significant momentum.
Education
“We commend the secretary-general for focussing attention on transforming education. Education remains one of the most important drivers to end poverty and inequality, and we will work towards increasing the access to education that is affordable. South Africa has no-fee schools at primary and secondary school levels for the most vulnerable learners. There is also a state bursary for poor students who qualify for tertiary education. These measures have over the years served to increase the enrolment of learners who were previously unable to access education.”
In the field of research and innovation, we need more partnerships such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) science infrastructure project hosted in South Africa and Australia, which is an international partnership that is one of the largest scientific endeavours in history. Partnerships of this nature must be encouraged to leverage scientific breakthroughs for development purposes.
Fair trade
The multilateral trading system must be strengthened so that we genuinely create a conducive environment for fair trade that also provides opportunities for developing economies. If actionable steps such as these are not taken, developing countries will remain subject to an imbalanced global financial and trading system.
Multilateralism
Using this moment of renewal, we reiterate our commitment to multilateralism as the only means to build a better world. The UN itself must be transformed so that it serves its role cognisant of current global dynamics. It is unacceptable that 77 years after its establishment, five nations wield disproportionate decision-making power in the UN system as a whole. Transformation of the UN must include more representative, transparent and accountable organs of global governance.
Pandor added that for the UN to be effective, the General Assembly must be revitalised and the Security Council must be reformed.
“We also cannot have a credible organisation if persistent transgressors of the Charter are not held accountable.”
Climate Change
We must act immediately to protect the environment and the world we live in, for ourselves and for future generations. While Africa is the least responsible for the climate crisis, it finds itself at the epicentre of its worst impacts. We should therefore emerge from COP27, in Egypt, with an agreement that contains enhanced and balanced actions on adaptation, mitigation and financing. This must take into account our common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. In addition, we must agree on a mechanism for loss and damage.
In South Africa, our Cabinet has approved wide-reaching policies to ensure that we can meet our climate change targets. We have established a Presidential Climate Finance Task Team to lead and co-ordinate negotiations with the International Partner Group to give effect to the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP). The JETP seeks to address South Africa’s investment needs in infrastructure to facilitate our coal phase-down in a manner that ensures that no one is left behind.
Peace and Security
Building a better world requires peace and stability. South Africa continues to believe that conflict resolution must not come through fuelling conflicts, but through investing in efforts aimed at political dialogue. We should aspire to peace as a global public good. There have been no winners of the wars of the past seven decades. Instead, they engendered strife, distrust among nations, divisions, a perpetual misallocation of resources to weapons as well as increased poverty and underdevelopment.
While we work to address contemporary conflicts, we should not ignore long-standing ones such as Palestine that has been on the UN agenda throughout the seven decades of the existence of this organisation. We cannot ignore the words of the former Israeli negotiator at the Oslo talks, Daniel Levy, who addressed the UN Security Council recently and referred to “The increasingly weighty, body of scholarly, legal and public opinion that has designated Israel to be perpetrating apartheid in the territories under its control.”
Israel must be held accountable for its destructive actions that have significantly impaired the possibility of a two-state solution.
Similarly, we cannot ignore the decades-long struggle for self-determination of the people of Western Sahara. We must treat all conflicts across the globe with equal indignation, no matter what the colour or creed of the people affected.
South Africa calls for an end to the embargo against Cuba, which continues to impede the right to development of her people. In the same vein, we call for an end to unilateral coercive measures against Zimbabwe, which have compounded the problems experienced by the people of Zimbabwe and have a detrimental effect on the broader Southern African region.
Discrimination
Our quest to build a better world will remains unfulfilled as long as people are still discriminated against on the basis of race, gender, sex, ethnic or social origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture or language.
We have a responsibility to make sure that every girl child receives an education and that every woman has an opportunity to work, to study, to start a business and to have choice and control over her life and body.
Violence against most vulnerable
We need to end the violence perpetrated against the most vulnerable, most often women and children. We have witnessed that women in conflict situations are particularly vulnerable, including female journalists. The murder of Shireen Abu Akleh and other journalists is a stark reminder of the dangers that women in conflict situations face. We must do all we can to protect them, and hold those accountable for harming them.
We must also strengthen the capacity and draw on the voices of the youth on the African continent. In this regard, we need to harness the demographic dividend by maximising our investment in quality education as a means to address intergenerational poverty, together with inclusive economies.
Pandor concluded by saying that Africa is home to more than 1.3 billion people and that it is fast emerging from centuries of colonialism, occupation and exploitation, from wilful neglect and under-development.
African Continental Free Trade Area
Through the African Continental Free Trade Area, the countries of Africa are laying a firm foundation for a new era of trade, commerce and productivity.
African countries are establishing conditions for the seamless flow of goods and services between African markets, for the growth of industry and for the construction of the roads, bridges, railway lines, ports and power stations that will support growth.
As we continue our efforts to end war, conflict and insurgency in several parts of our continent and to prevent the unconstitutional seizure of power, we will continue to seek greater alignment between the agendas of the UN and our body, the AU.
“To overcome all these acutely global challenges, we must agree to a common path out of an increasingly polarised world. A rules-based international system, predicated on international law and strict adherence to the provisions of the UN Charter is essential. Such a system must safeguard the interests of all and not only the powerful.”